Melting and trying to remove contaminants with a little borax and niter (sodium or potassium nitrate) works on base metals, but will probably not help in this case.
Melting with borax and niter works on base metals because the niter oxidizes the base metals and they are caught up in the borax slag. As others have mentioned, the fern-like pattern on your button often indicates the presence of PGMs (platinum group metals). They are not necessarily easily oxidized, so this approach probably won't help.
If it were mine, I would use it to eliminate excess nitric acid in future refining, as taught by Harold_V. He refined for a living, so he typically used an excess of nitric to drive the dissolution to completion more quickly. He would then add a weighed gold button like yours to consume the excess nitric. Once the nitric was consumed, he could remove what was left of the button, weigh it again, and know how much gold he had added to his client's batch for proper settlement.
Dave