My guess, copper oxides. When you pour it into a graphite mold it both cools faster and there might be some carbon dioxide created that formed a bit of a protective atmosphere. Leaving it to air-cool takes longer and the air have time to form an oxidized surface.
It's almost a spitting image of my 26 g button, made from source material that only registered as gold and copper on an XRF and left in the melting dish to cool down.
26g button top.jpg
26g button bottom.jpg
Not cleaned since I picked it up from the melting dish. The top side is more dull and have a red tone to it.
Some white borax is stuck on the right side seen from the bottom.
I think in my case, the fact that the borax isn't discolored points to quite low level of contaminant.
Göran