Dan -
You have to imagine that not only are refiners making more than just the 1% of Gold value - but REAL refineries make money on every element within your scrap.
Our business is strictly a volume based model - without volume you are absolutely correct in saying that it is very difficult to make a living off of 1% - However let's run some simple numbers.
If a Refinery is doing just $1,000,000 a day in business - or 625 pure troy ounces (which for a NATIONAL refinery, is not that much) you are Grossing $10,000 per day.
Now - Let's take 1,050 NON pure ounces and assume that 7 - 10% of this scrap is Silver Content. (or 74 toz) That is another $2,000 a day.
Then we must take into account all the Platinum / Palladium heads, mixes, which is rarely paid out (and more gravy for the refiner). Now this can't be calculated daily like the silver, however after a week or month this also adds up to a significant amount.
We must also not forget the Copper, Nickel, and other alloy metals which are within your scrap are typically sold off to Base Metal refiners.
So at just $12,000 per day in Gross income, you're looking at $240,000 per month or a 2.88 million dollar business. Off just the 1%. ---- but the truth is we are making more than just that. And depending on who your outlet is (like manufactures, mints, brokerage firms, banks, etc.) , refiners sell the pure Gold at a premium above SPOT (creating another income stream)
This is of course assuming you are doing things right, and not shorting assay results, weights, and settlements.....