cmethowusa said:I got a lot of bluish tinted residue on the bottom
If you are dissolving sterling silver there are few possibilities of what your blue could be. If your solution was warmer when cementing on copper then cooled after all the silver was cemented you could have had copper nitrate crystals form. Washing your cement silver in hot water will dissolve the copper nitrate so it can be washed away. You may have also had some pieces of copper break off and get mixed in with your cement silver since you were using copper pipe if I remember correctly, this is why it is best to use thick copper for cementing instead of trying to pick them out.
cmethowusa said:I may have to be more precise with my nitric/sterling ratios
Sterling silver can vary more than one would expect but assuming actual sterling you will need for every 10 grams of sterling 14ml 70% nitric mixed with 14ml of distilled water. Use heat and add a bit of extra silver so you have a saturated solution without excess nitric. After you have filtered or decanted then proceed to cementation.
Even if all is done to perfection, you will only get 98-99% silver.