madscientist,
We do not recommend using aqua regia on any material except for almost pure gold, to refine it as pure as possible.
You really do not normally need to use aqua regia with gold from electronics, it is not as easy to use aqua regia as reading about it makes it sound, gold from electronic material is normally fine enough to dissolve in hydrochloric acid and bleach, which is much easier to deal with, but here again you want to remove the base metals from the gold before putting gold into solution.
When recovering gold from electronics there can be several methods, electro-winning in an electrolytic cell is not one of them, although industrially copper is refined this way, and the gold in the copper as an impurity is recovered using this method, the copper anodes are usually already fairly pure copper greater than 85% or more pure copper before being refined electrically to an almost pure copper in these electrolytic cells.
The first step you need to learn to be able to recover gold from electronics is to learn where the values are, how to separate the material from the bulk of the electronic circuit board material, how to prepare the material, like cutting gold plated fingers from memory boards, or removing heat sinks from CPU and so on.
Before moving on to the next steps of separating the base metals from the valuable metals you will need to learn the dangers involved, and how to protect yourself and other around you, how to deal with toxic wastes you will generate, how to process the different types of materials, which process works best for what type of material, how to separate the base metals from the values without just creating one big mess loosing all of the values you worked so hard to get and prepare up to this point.
You will need to learn what supplies are needed and how to find them.
You need to read and understand Hokes book and then study the forum for details of processing electronic scrap.
At this point from the questions you are asking you are a long way from understanding what you need, begin with Hoke's book, and her getting acquainted experiments, collect your scrap materials, and study the forum, I suggest begin learning on memory fingers, these are much simpler than most of the other materials, as you are dealing with a very thin material of mostly gold plating and pure copper (some nickel), and if you prepare the fingers properly you will not have the problems involved with solder or lead.
Spend time reading Hoke’s book and the forum, gathering and preparing your scrap, doing small scale experiments on the processes you learn, to get an understanding before you know it you will be asking questions with an understanding of what you are talking about, we also will be able to understand the question’s that you are asking, and be able to help you better, and you will be melting pure gold buttons.
The forum is a great place for a mad scientist to learn, welcome to the forum.