svories,
Here are my thoughts if I understand your post correctly.
If you just used salt and water, to strip the costume jewelry, you would not have any gold in solution, (no oxidizer involved to dissolve the gold as a chloride), it is possible to have some base metal chlorides in solution, as costume jewelry can be made with a wide variety of base metals, many of which if you did get into solutions or salts would be very toxic at this point.
Sodium metabisulfite used to precipitate gold dissolved in solution (without base metals as much as possible in this solution), the SMB produces sulfur dioxide gas which is what precipitates gold.
This SO2 gas or sodium metabisulfate would not do any good on gold that was not dissolved.
In your process did you separate the solution from the powders, and these from un-dissolved costume jewelry, as the gold plating would be in powders, along with other base metal powders, the solution without oxidizers would have no gold (unless small flakes remained floating in solution), and most likely would only contain some very reactive base metal as chlorides.
From your post it sounds like you have a solution of reactive metal chlorides, mixed with other metal powders (including some flakes of gold plate), then added a sulfate salt in large quantity and just made a bigger mess from a smaller mess, now it sounds like you may have sulfate and chloride salts of metals mixed with a very small amount of gold flakes.
At this point I think dissolving what you could in water filter if possible and treat this solution for waste, if you can filter save the powders from the filter and what powder did not dissolve dry these and store in a safe place.
You can find how to deal with your toxic waste in the safety section.
You can also find a better way to process your material here on the forum.
Edit to add.
If you were using electrolysis with a saturated salt solution, then it is possible to put some gold into solution, in this case your gold is most likely just plated back onto the undissolved material, or cemented out as fine powder in this mess.