jcomtrader said:
1. you mentioned "siphoning" off the acid in the cell. I have seen that term used in the forum but am not sure what it means. Is that just another way of saying decanter or are you actually setting up a siphon hose?
I hope you don't mind my replying to a question posed to another.
Siphoning is a great way to transfer solutions in the lab. It's dead easy to do, and perfectly safe if you use good judgment.
I always used a 3/8" ID vinyl hose for my transferring. It's large enough to provide a respectable flow, and easy to see what's going on in the hose, which can be important under some circumstances.
Keep the length of the hose that is used no longer than is absolutely necessary. It should be able to reach the bottom of your largest vessel, with the opposite end capable of being lowered a few inches below the same elevation. The greater the difference in distance, the faster will be the flow. That is key to controlling the transfer, not disturbing solids that have settled in the first vessel.
To start a siphon running, one should wear gloves, so you can plunge your one hand directly in the solution (if necessary). Fill the length of hose with some of the fluid to be transferred, using a basting type syringe. When the tube is full, cap both ends using your gloved thumbs.
Move to the vessel to be emptied, then hold the discharge end of the hose below the top of the vessel. That prevents any of the fluid from leaving the tube. Plunge the first end in, removing your thumb in the process. Keep the opposite end capped with your thumb and nothing will happen.
Adjust the end in the vessel, then lower the opposite end so it's below the one in the vessel. Remove your thumb and flow begins. Again, the greater the distance between the two ends, the faster the transfer. Take advantage of this feature by brining the discharge end near the same level as the one in the vessel as you near the bottom. You can control the flow to the point where it transfers very slowly, ignoring any settled solids.
If you are transferring solutions that have no value, you can fill your hose at the tap. No need to use the same solution that will be transferred.
For waste solutions (after removing copper and nickel), I used to use a short length of garden hose, for faster transferring.
Harold