NOx is a combination of seven different gases and compounds composed of nitrogen and oxygen, basically the decomposition gases and products of nitric acid, or burning fossil fuels...
The most common of these gases we are concerned with are nitric oxide gas NO (g) a colorless gas that is not very water-soluble, but in air or oxygen converts to the more soluble NO2 gas which is fairly soluble and a pollution product which can lead to acid rains, Nitrous oxide NO2 (g) the deadly red cloud of gases you see when concentrated nitric acid attacks metals, NO2when combined with water or moisture will convert back into being nitric acid, the other most common of these seven gases we may see is the Nitrous oxide gas N2O also known as laughing gas or sleeping gases...
Several of these gases are a danger to us and can in cases pollute our environment, and with water or moisture from the air can convert back into nitric acid and can become harmful in our air, our waters, and our in lungs...
Health effects of nitrogen oxides gases can include:
Death
Genetic mutations
Harm to a developing fetus
Decreased female fertility
Spasms
Swelling of the throat
Rapid pulse
Dilated heart
Urea is basically useless to remove nitric acid or nitrate salts from the aqua regia, although it can remove NO2 or some of the NOx gases from the solution.
Sulfamic acid works better than urea it will remove the free nitric acid and nitrate salts (where urea will not) sulfamic acid also like urea eliminates the NOx gases from the solution.
Sulfamic acid will work when you use too much nitric acid where urea will not, sulfamic acid will convert nitrate salts to acid, decompose the free nitric acid, and De-NOx the solution.
sulfamic converts to sulfuric acid in solution, which can be a benefit with nitric and nitrate decomposition and removal with heating, and also help to convert lead salts to an insoluble lead sulfate salts for easier removal.
You would use sulfamic acid instead of urea, to do a better job.
Urea will work if you do not use too much nitric acid in your aqua regia, urea can de-NOx the solution, remove gases, but it cannot convert the nitrate salts back into nitric acid or it cannot eliminate, remove or decompose the free nitric acid in solution... So Urea is only useful if you do not use too much nitric acid to begin with.
Copperas, also called FeSO4, ferrous sulfate, Iron sulfate, green vitriol, is a reducing agent which is easy to make from iron and 10% diluted sulfuric acid.
FeSO4 or copperas is selective for gold, it is used like the other reducing agents for selectively precipitating gold from an ionic solution of gold chloride AuCl3, used just like sodium metabisulfite SMB or other reducing agents are used.
Copperas crystals can be used in a spot plate or white plastic spoon to test for gold in solution (brown ring of precipitated gold is a positive result in the test, copperas will not reduce copper from a solution like SMB can if overused, and copperas can help to de-NOx the solution where SMB cannot, it also is better where PGM metal may be in solution...
The most common of these gases we are concerned with are nitric oxide gas NO (g) a colorless gas that is not very water-soluble, but in air or oxygen converts to the more soluble NO2 gas which is fairly soluble and a pollution product which can lead to acid rains, Nitrous oxide NO2 (g) the deadly red cloud of gases you see when concentrated nitric acid attacks metals, NO2when combined with water or moisture will convert back into being nitric acid, the other most common of these seven gases we may see is the Nitrous oxide gas N2O also known as laughing gas or sleeping gases...
Several of these gases are a danger to us and can in cases pollute our environment, and with water or moisture from the air can convert back into nitric acid and can become harmful in our air, our waters, and our in lungs...
Health effects of nitrogen oxides gases can include:
Death
Genetic mutations
Harm to a developing fetus
Decreased female fertility
Spasms
Swelling of the throat
Rapid pulse
Dilated heart
Urea is basically useless to remove nitric acid or nitrate salts from the aqua regia, although it can remove NO2 or some of the NOx gases from the solution.
Sulfamic acid works better than urea it will remove the free nitric acid and nitrate salts (where urea will not) sulfamic acid also like urea eliminates the NOx gases from the solution.
Sulfamic acid will work when you use too much nitric acid where urea will not, sulfamic acid will convert nitrate salts to acid, decompose the free nitric acid, and De-NOx the solution.
sulfamic converts to sulfuric acid in solution, which can be a benefit with nitric and nitrate decomposition and removal with heating, and also help to convert lead salts to an insoluble lead sulfate salts for easier removal.
You would use sulfamic acid instead of urea, to do a better job.
Urea will work if you do not use too much nitric acid in your aqua regia, urea can de-NOx the solution, remove gases, but it cannot convert the nitrate salts back into nitric acid or it cannot eliminate, remove or decompose the free nitric acid in solution... So Urea is only useful if you do not use too much nitric acid to begin with.
Copperas, also called FeSO4, ferrous sulfate, Iron sulfate, green vitriol, is a reducing agent which is easy to make from iron and 10% diluted sulfuric acid.
FeSO4 or copperas is selective for gold, it is used like the other reducing agents for selectively precipitating gold from an ionic solution of gold chloride AuCl3, used just like sodium metabisulfite SMB or other reducing agents are used.
Copperas crystals can be used in a spot plate or white plastic spoon to test for gold in solution (brown ring of precipitated gold is a positive result in the test, copperas will not reduce copper from a solution like SMB can if overused, and copperas can help to de-NOx the solution where SMB cannot, it also is better where PGM metal may be in solution...